Zoekstrategie
Er is een search verricht in TRIP Database, National Guidelines Clearing House, NHS Evidence, Cochrane, Pubmed, Cinahl en Embase.
Zoektermen: (low) conscious*, letharg*, apath*, pain, discomfort, measure*, scale, score.
Behavioural Pain Scare, BPS, Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool, CPOT, brain-injured,assess*.
Na beoordeling bleken 4 artikelen bruikbaar: twee systematic reviews [1], [4], één expert review² en één integrative review. Toelichting op gevonden informatie uit de studie van Herk werd door middel van een search in Google™ nog een primaire studie gevonden [5].
Geïncludeerde studies:
1. Pudas-Tähkä SM, Axelin A, Aantaa Ret al. Pain assessment tools for unconscious or sedated intensive care patients: a
systematic review. J Advanced Nursing 2009; 65: 946–56.
2. Schnakers C, Chatelle S, Majerus O, et al. Assessment and detection of pain in noncommunicative severely braininjured patients. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 2010; 10 (11):1725-31.
3. Roulin MJ, Ramelet AS. Pain indicators in brain-injured critical care adults: An integrative review. Australian.Critical
Care 2011; 25 (2):110-8.
4. Herk R van, Dijk M van, Baar FP, et al. Observation scales for pain assessment in older adults with cognitive
impairments or communication difficulties. Nursing Research 2007; 56 (1): 34-43.
5. Herk R. van, Dijk M van, Baar FP, et al. The Rotterdam Elderly Pain Observation Scale (REPOS). A new behavioural pain
scale for non-communicative adults and cognitively impaired elderly patients. J Pain Management 2009; 1 (4): 367-77.